{ "schema": "instica-epr-page/1", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk", "twins": { "md": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk.md", "json": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk.json" }, "key": "J:IT:GB", "family": "J", "locale": "en", "lang": "en-US", "title": "Italy vs United Kingdom EPR: Thresholds, Fees and Dates", "h1": "Italy vs United Kingdom EPR: Rules Compared", "description": "Italy vs United Kingdom packaging EPR: Both require producers to register. Fees, thresholds, dates and formats compared from primary sources.", "answer": "Italy and United Kingdom both run packaging EPR, but the rules differ. Both require producers to register. United Kingdom asks for its first annual report earlier, on April 1 against June 1 in Italy. Every figure below links to its primary source.", "lastVerified": "2026-11-04", "dateModified": "2026-11-04", "dataset": { "version": "v1-281284b7e7c1", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceLine": "Reuse is allowed under CC-BY-4.0 with credit to Instica and a link to this page." }, "cite": "Instica, “Italy vs United Kingdom EPR: Rules Compared”, https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk, last verified 2026-11-04, dataset v1-281284b7e7c1, CC-BY-4.0.", "about": [], "facts": [ { "id": "a-regime", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-regime", "leafPath": "IT.regime", "statement": "Italy: the packaging rules sit in Legislative Decree 152/2006, Part IV Title II (packaging and packaging waste), CONAI consortium system.", "value": "Legislative Decree 152/2006, Part IV Title II (packaging and packaging waste), CONAI consortium system", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "quote": "I produttori e gli utilizzatori sono responsabili della corretta ed efficace gestione ambientale degli imballaggi e dei rifiuti di imballaggio", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-regulator", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-regulator", "leafPath": "IT.regulator", "statement": "Italy: the regulator is Ministry of Environment and Energy Security (MASE); CONAI coordinates the consortium system.", "value": "Ministry of Environment and Energy Security (MASE); CONAI coordinates the consortium system", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art224", "quote": "partecipano in forma paritaria al Consorzio nazionale imballaggi, in seguito denominato CONAI", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-obligated", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-obligated", "leafPath": "IT.obligated", "statement": "Italy places an obligation on packaging producers.", "value": true, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "quote": "I produttori e gli utilizzatori sono responsabili della corretta ed efficace gestione ambientale degli imballaggi", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-registration", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-registration", "leafPath": "IT.registration", "statement": "Italy: producers must register through CONAI membership (declaration and contribution to CONAI, then consortium of material).", "value": true, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "quote": "aderire ad uno dei consorzi di cui all'articolo 223;", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-organisation", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-organisation", "leafPath": "IT.organisation", "statement": "Italy organises producer responsibility through producer compliance schemes: CONAI, Comieco (paper), Corepla (plastic), Coreve (glass), Rilegno (wood), CiAl (aluminium) and Ricrea (steel); membership is not required.", "value": "compliance_schemes", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art223", "quote": "costituiscono un Consorzio per ciascun materiale di imballaggio", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-transfer", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-transfer", "leafPath": "IT.transfer_rules", "statement": "Italy allows a producer’s obligation to be transferred to another party.", "value": true, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "quote": "aderire ad uno dei consorzi di cui all'articolo 223;", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-hierarchy-primary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-hierarchy-primary", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.primary", "statement": "Italy: at the primary packaging level the producer hierarchy names the manufacturer or brand owner, importer and first distributor (2026).", "value": "manufacturer_brand_owner > importer > first_distributor", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-hierarchy-secondary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-hierarchy-secondary", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.secondary", "statement": "Italy: at the secondary packaging level the producer hierarchy names the manufacturer or brand owner, importer and first distributor (2026).", "value": "manufacturer_brand_owner > importer > first_distributor", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-hierarchy-service", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-hierarchy-service", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.service", "statement": "Italy: at the service packaging level the producer hierarchy names the manufacturer or brand owner, importer and first distributor (2026).", "value": "manufacturer_brand_owner > importer > first_distributor", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-hierarchy-shipping", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-hierarchy-shipping", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.shipping", "statement": "Italy: at the shipping packaging level the producer hierarchy names the online marketplace seller and manufacturer or brand owner (2026).", "value": "online_marketplace_seller > manufacturer_brand_owner", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-hierarchy-tertiary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-hierarchy-tertiary", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.tertiary", "statement": "Italy: at the tertiary packaging level the producer hierarchy names the manufacturer or brand owner, importer and first distributor (2026).", "value": "manufacturer_brand_owner > importer > first_distributor", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-threshold-ppwr-10t-simplified-reporting", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-threshold-ppwr-10t-simplified-reporting", "leafPath": "IT.thresholds[ppwr-10t-simplified-reporting]", "statement": "Italy threshold on packaging weight: 10 tonnes per calendar year; effect: reduced duties.", "value": "10 tonnes per calendar year", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "a quantity of packaging, including packaging of packaged products, of less than 10 tonnes during one calendar year", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-deadline-ppwr-annual-report-1-june", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-deadline-ppwr-annual-report-1-june", "leafPath": "IT.deadlines[ppwr-annual-report-1-june]", "statement": "Italy: report date June 1, covering the previous calendar year.", "value": "June 1", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "of Annex IX to the competent authority responsible for the register, by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-deadline-ppwr-application-date", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-deadline-ppwr-application-date", "leafPath": "IT.deadlines[ppwr-application-date]", "statement": "Italy: other date August 12, 2026.", "value": "August 12, 2026", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "It shall apply from 12 August 2026.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-penalty-0", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-penalty-0", "leafPath": "IT.penalties.items[0]", "statement": "Italy penalty for producer that does not organise a system, join a consortium or adopt a return system: €15,500 to €46,500 per administrative fine.", "value": "15500-46500", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art261", "quote": "sono puniti con la sanzione amministrativa pecuniaria da quindicimilacinquecento euro a quarantaseimilacinquecento euro", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-penalty-1", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-penalty-1", "leafPath": "IT.penalties.items[1]", "statement": "Italy penalty for placing packaging on the market without the Art. 219(5) labelling: €5,000 to €25,000 per administrative fine.", "value": "5000-25000", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art261", "quote": null, "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-materials", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-materials", "leafPath": "IT.applicability", "statement": "Italy: materials covered is paper and cardboard, plastic, glass, wood, steel, aluminium.", "value": "paper and cardboard,plastic,glass,wood,steel,aluminium", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "quote": "in proporzione alla quantità di imballaggi immessi sul mercato nazionale", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-products", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-products", "leafPath": "IT.applicability", "statement": "Italy: product classes covered is primary, secondary and tertiary packaging placed on the Italian market, in proportion to quantity.", "value": "primary, secondary and tertiary packaging placed on the Italian market, in proportion to quantity", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "quote": "in proporzione alla quantità di imballaggi immessi sul mercato nazionale", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-channels", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-channels", "leafPath": "IT.applicability", "statement": "Italy: sales channels addressed is domestic producers and users, importers.", "value": "domestic producers and users,importers", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "quote": "in proporzione alla quantità di imballaggi immessi sul mercato nazionale", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-ph-primary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-ph-primary", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.primary", "statement": "Italy: producer duty: primary packaging is manufacturer_brand_owner; importer; first_distributor.", "value": "manufacturer_brand_owner,importer,first_distributor", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-ph-secondary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-ph-secondary", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.secondary", "statement": "Italy: producer duty: secondary packaging is manufacturer_brand_owner; importer; first_distributor.", "value": "manufacturer_brand_owner,importer,first_distributor", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-ph-tertiary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-ph-tertiary", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.tertiary", "statement": "Italy: producer duty: tertiary packaging is manufacturer_brand_owner; importer; first_distributor.", "value": "manufacturer_brand_owner,importer,first_distributor", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-ph-shipping", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-ph-shipping", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.shipping", "statement": "Italy: producer duty: shipping packaging is online_marketplace_seller; manufacturer_brand_owner.", "value": "online_marketplace_seller,manufacturer_brand_owner", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-ph-service", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-ph-service", "leafPath": "IT.producer_hierarchy.levels.service", "statement": "Italy: producer duty: service packaging is manufacturer_brand_owner; importer; first_distributor.", "value": "manufacturer_brand_owner,importer,first_distributor", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-categories", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-categories", "leafPath": "IT.categories", "statement": "Italy: reporting categories is 6, material, with paper and plastic sub-bands.", "value": 6, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.comieco.org/comieco/contributo-ambientale-conai/conai-da-luglio-2025-variano-i-contributi-ambientali-per-gli-imballaggi-in-legno-plastica-e-vetro-e-per-i-compositi-a-base-carta/", "quote": "i consorzi Rilegno , Corepla e Coreve hanno aggiornato le stime", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-labelling", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-labelling", "leafPath": "IT.labelling", "statement": "Italy: labelling is Required: UNI technical standards for labelling; MASE technical guidelines: All packaging must be labelled per UNI standards to aid collection, reuse and recycling and inform consumers on final destinations.", "value": "required", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art219", "quote": "Tutti gli imballaggi devono essere opportunamente etichettati secondo le modalità stabilite dalle norme tecniche UNI applicabili", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-scope-targets", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-scope-targets", "leafPath": "IT.targets", "statement": "Italy: published targets is recycling rate, all packaging waste 65% by 2025-12-31; recycling rate, all packaging waste 70% by 2030-12-31.", "value": 2, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "by 31 December 2030, a minimum of 70 % by weight of all packaging waste generated", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-regime", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-regime", "leafPath": "GB.regime", "statement": "United Kingdom: the packaging rules sit in Extended producer responsibility (EPR) for packaging, under the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging and Packaging Waste) Regulations 2024.", "value": "Extended producer responsibility (EPR) for packaging, under the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging and Packaging Waste) Regulations 2024", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-comply-with-packaging-recycling-obligations-as-a-large-producer", "quote": "go to schedule 5 of the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging and Packaging Waste) Regulations 2024 (as amended)", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-regulator", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-regulator", "leafPath": "GB.regulator", "statement": "United Kingdom: the regulator is Four environmental regulators (Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales, SEPA, NIEA); PackUK is the scheme administrator that sets fees.", "value": "Four environmental regulators (Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales, SEPA, NIEA); PackUK is the scheme administrator that sets fees", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/epr-for-packaging-what-you-must-do-as-a-small-producer", "quote": "Each of the 4 nations of the United Kingdom has its own regulator. You’ll be reporting to and monitored by the regulator for your nation.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-obligated", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-obligated", "leafPath": "GB.obligated", "statement": "United Kingdom places an obligation on packaging producers.", "value": true, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "quote": "you supplied or imported more than 25 tonnes of packaging in the UK in the previous year", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-registration", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-registration", "leafPath": "GB.registration", "statement": "United Kingdom: producers must register through Report packaging data (RPD) service, run by Defra and the regulators.", "value": true, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/epr-for-packaging-what-you-must-do-as-a-small-producer", "quote": "the fee is: £1,303 if you register directly with your environmental regulator £696 if you register through a compliance scheme", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-organisation", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-organisation", "leafPath": "GB.organisation", "statement": "United Kingdom organises producer responsibility through producer compliance schemes; membership is not required.", "value": "compliance_schemes", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/epr-for-packaging-what-you-must-do-as-a-small-producer", "quote": "Compliance schemes are third parties that help organisations meet the EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-transfer", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-transfer", "leafPath": "GB.transfer_rules", "statement": "United Kingdom does not allow a producer’s obligation to be transferred to another party.", "value": false, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-comply-with-packaging-recycling-obligations-as-a-large-producer", "quote": "A compliance scheme cannot pay your waste disposal fees for you.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-revenue-scope", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-revenue-scope", "leafPath": "GB.revenue_scope", "statement": "United Kingdom measures revenue as worldwide revenue in GBP, over the previous accounting year.", "value": "global", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "quote": "you must get your annual turnover from the last accounts that were available before 7 April 2026.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-hierarchy-other", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-hierarchy-other", "leafPath": "GB.producer_hierarchy.levels.other", "statement": "United Kingdom: at the other packaging level the producer hierarchy names the manufacturer, importer and online marketplace (2025).", "value": "manufacturer > importer > marketplace", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/1332/part/2/chapter/1", "quote": "a brand owner; 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effect: reduced duties.", "value": "50 tonnes", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/epr-for-packaging-what-you-must-do-as-a-small-producer", "quote": "annual turnover of more than £1 million and supplies more than 25 tonnes and no more than 50 tonnes of packaging", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-exemption-charity", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-exemption-charity", "leafPath": "GB.exemptions[charity]", "statement": "United Kingdom exemption: Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK, excluding subsidiaries that trade for profit. It does not have to be applied for.", "value": "charity", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "quote": "Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK are exempt from EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-deadline-large-h1-2026-report", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-deadline-large-h1-2026-report", "leafPath": "GB.deadlines[large_h1_2026_report]", "statement": "United Kingdom: report date October 1, 2026, covering the first half of 2026.", "value": "October 1, 2026", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "quote": "1 January to 30 June 2026 1 October 2026", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-deadline-large-h2-2026-report", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-deadline-large-h2-2026-report", "leafPath": "GB.deadlines[large_h2_2026_report]", "statement": "United Kingdom: report date April 1, 2027, covering the second half of 2026.", "value": "April 1, 2027", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "quote": "1 July to 31 December 2026 1 April 2027", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-deadline-small-2026-report", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-deadline-small-2026-report", "leafPath": "GB.deadlines[small_2026_report]", "statement": "United Kingdom: report date April 1, 2027, covering 2026-P0.", "value": "April 1, 2027", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "quote": "1 January to 31 December 2026 1 April 2027", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-deadline-large-registration-annual", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-deadline-large-registration-annual", "leafPath": "GB.deadlines[large_registration_annual]", "statement": "United Kingdom: registration date October 1, 2026.", "value": "October 1, 2026", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "quote": "you must register for EPR for packaging each year, and pay the applicable fees by 1 October.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-deadline-small-registration-annual", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-deadline-small-registration-annual", "leafPath": "GB.deadlines[small_registration_annual]", "statement": "United Kingdom: registration date April 1, 2027.", "value": "April 1, 2027", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "quote": "you must register for EPR for packaging each year, and pay a registration fee by 1 April.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-deadline-prn-obligation-year-end", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-deadline-prn-obligation-year-end", "leafPath": "GB.deadlines[prn_obligation_year_end]", "statement": "United Kingdom: other date January 31, 2027, covering calendar year 2026.", "value": "January 31, 2027", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-comply-with-packaging-recycling-obligations-as-a-large-producer", "quote": "you must meet your recycling obligations, including submitting your certificate or statement of compliance, by 31 January 2027", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-materials", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-materials", "leafPath": "GB.applicability", "statement": "United Kingdom: materials covered is aluminium, fibre based composite, glass, paper and card, plastic, steel, wood, other.", "value": "aluminium,fibre_based_composite,glass,paper_and_card,plastic,steel,wood,other", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "quote": "Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK are exempt from EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-products", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-products", "leafPath": "GB.applicability", "statement": "United Kingdom: product classes covered is primary packaging, secondary packaging, shipment packaging, tertiary packaging, reusable packaging.", "value": "primary_packaging,secondary_packaging,shipment_packaging,tertiary_packaging,reusable_packaging", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "quote": "Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK are exempt from EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-excluded", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-excluded", "leafPath": "GB.applicability", "statement": "United Kingdom: excluded from scope is charities supplying or importing packaging.", "value": "charities_supplying_or_importing_packaging", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "quote": "Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK are exempt from EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-channels", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-channels", "leafPath": "GB.applicability", "statement": "United Kingdom: sales channels addressed is retail, wholesale, online, online marketplace.", "value": "retail,wholesale,online,online_marketplace", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "quote": "Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK are exempt from EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-ph-primary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-ph-primary", "leafPath": "GB.producer_hierarchy.levels.primary", "statement": "United Kingdom: producer duty: primary packaging is brand_owner; packer_shipper; importer; marketplace; seller.", "value": "brand_owner,packer_shipper,importer,marketplace,seller", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/1332/part/2/chapter/1", "quote": "a brand owner; (ii) a packer/filler; (iii) an importer or first UK owner; (iv) a distributor; (v) an online marketplace operator;", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-04", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-ph-secondary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-ph-secondary", "leafPath": "GB.producer_hierarchy.levels.secondary", "statement": "United Kingdom: producer duty: secondary packaging is brand_owner; packer_shipper; importer; marketplace; seller.", "value": "brand_owner,packer_shipper,importer,marketplace,seller", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/1332/part/2/chapter/1", "quote": "a brand owner; (ii) a packer/filler; (iii) an importer or first UK owner; (iv) a distributor; (v) an online marketplace operator;", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-04", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-ph-tertiary", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-ph-tertiary", "leafPath": "GB.producer_hierarchy.levels.tertiary", "statement": "United Kingdom: producer duty: tertiary packaging is brand_owner; packer_shipper; importer; marketplace; seller.", "value": "brand_owner,packer_shipper,importer,marketplace,seller", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/1332/part/2/chapter/1", "quote": "a brand owner; (ii) a packer/filler; (iii) an importer or first UK owner; (iv) a distributor; (v) an online marketplace operator;", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-04", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-ph-shipping", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-ph-shipping", "leafPath": "GB.producer_hierarchy.levels.shipping", "statement": "United Kingdom: producer duty: shipping packaging is brand_owner; packer_shipper; importer; marketplace; seller.", "value": "brand_owner,packer_shipper,importer,marketplace,seller", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/1332/part/2/chapter/1", "quote": "a brand owner; (ii) a packer/filler; (iii) an importer or first UK owner; (iv) a distributor; (v) an online marketplace operator;", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-04", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-ph-service", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-ph-service", "leafPath": "GB.producer_hierarchy.levels.service", "statement": "United Kingdom: producer duty: service packaging is brand_owner; packer_shipper; manufacturer; importer; seller.", "value": "brand_owner,packer_shipper,manufacturer,importer,seller", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/1332/part/2/chapter/1", "quote": "a brand owner; (ii) a packer/filler; (iii) an importer or first UK owner; (iv) a distributor; (v) an online marketplace operator;", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-04", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-ph-other", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-ph-other", "leafPath": "GB.producer_hierarchy.levels.other", "statement": "United Kingdom: producer duty: other packaging is manufacturer; importer; marketplace.", "value": "manufacturer,importer,marketplace", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/1332/part/2/chapter/1", "quote": "a brand owner; (ii) a packer/filler; (iii) an importer or first UK owner; (iv) a distributor; (v) an online marketplace operator;", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-04", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-categories", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-categories", "leafPath": "GB.categories", "statement": "United Kingdom: reporting categories is 8, material and packaging class.", "value": 8, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/report-packaging-data-create-your-reporting-file", "quote": "Report the weight of the individual materials used in the packaging you have supplied. You must report each material type separately.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-targets", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-targets", "leafPath": "GB.targets", "statement": "United Kingdom: published targets is plastic_recycling_obligation 57 by 2026-12-31; plastic_recycling_obligation 59 by 2027-12-31; glass_recycling_obligation 76 by 2026-12-31; glass_recycling_obligation 78 by 2027-12-31; aluminium_recycling_obligation 62 by 2026-12-31; aluminium_recycling_obligation 63 by 2027-12-31; steel_recycling_obligation 81 by 2026-12-31; steel_recycling_obligation 82 by 2027-12-31; wood_recycling_obligation 46 by 2026-12-31; wood_recycling_obligation 47 by 2027-12-31; paper_board_fibre_composite_recycling_obligation 77 by 2026-12-31; paper_board_fibre_composite_recycling_obligation 79 by 2027-12-31.", "value": 12, "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-comply-with-packaging-recycling-obligations-as-a-large-producer", "quote": "Packaging recycling targets 2025 to 2027", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-scope-ex1", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-scope-ex1", "leafPath": "GB.exemptions[0]", "statement": "United Kingdom: exemption 1 is Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK, excluding subsidiaries that trade for profit.", "value": "Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK, excluding subsidiaries that trade for profit.", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "quote": "Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK are exempt from EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "calc-registration", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#calc-registration", "leafPath": "calc.J.registration[IT:GB]", "statement": "Both programmes require a producer to register, in Italy and in United Kingdom.", "value": "same", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "quote": "aderire ad uno dei consorzi di cui all'articolo 223;", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "calc-report-date", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#calc-report-date", "leafPath": "calc.J.report-date[IT:GB]", "statement": "The earliest annual report date is June 1 in Italy and April 1 in United Kingdom, 61 days apart. United Kingdom leaves less time to prepare, so its data has to be ready first.", "value": "GB", "unit": "days", "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "quote": "of Annex IX to the competent authority responsible for the register, by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-fee-source", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-fee-source", "leafPath": "fees.IT-2026.source", "statement": "Italy: the 2026 fee schedule of CONAI (Comieco and other consortia), effective July 1, 2025, is the source of the per-kilogram rates used on this page.", "value": "CONAI environmental contribution (CAC) update from 1 July 2025 as republished by Comieco", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.comieco.org/comieco/contributo-ambientale-conai/conai-da-luglio-2025-variano-i-contributi-ambientali-per-gli-imballaggi-in-legno-plastica-e-vetro-e-per-i-compositi-a-base-carta/", "quote": "Tutte le variazioni decorreranno dal 1° luglio 2025 , con un secondo aumento previsto per il contributo ambientale vetro", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "a-rate-paper-f1", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#a-rate-paper-f1", "leafPath": "fees.IT-2026.rates[paper-f1]", "statement": "Italy 2026: the category “Paper, monomaterial (band 1)” is published at 65.00 EUR/tonne.", "value": "65.00", "unit": "eur_per_tonne", "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.comieco.org/comieco/contributo-ambientale-conai/conai-da-luglio-2025-variano-i-contributi-ambientali-per-gli-imballaggi-in-legno-plastica-e-vetro-e-per-i-compositi-a-base-carta/", "quote": "Fascia 1 - Monomateriale Base 65,00 65,00", "quoteLang": "it", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-fee-source", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-fee-source", "leafPath": "fees.GB-2025-base.source", "statement": "United Kingdom: the 2025-26 fee schedule of PackUK extended producer responsibility for packaging (base fees), effective June 27, 2025, is the source of the per-kilogram rates used on this page.", "value": "Extended producer responsibility for packaging: 2025 base fees (Defra, issued by PackUK)", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-2025-base-fees/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-2025-base-fees", "quote": "This document provides base fees for year 1 (2025 to 2026) of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for packaging scheme.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-rate-pc", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-rate-pc", "leafPath": "fees.GB-2025-base.rates[PC]", "statement": "United Kingdom 2025-26: the category “Paper and card” is published at 196 GBP/tonne.", "value": "196", "unit": "gbp_per_tonne", "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-2025-base-fees/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-2025-base-fees", "quote": "Paper and card 196", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } }, { "id": "b-format-spec", "anchor": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk#b-format-spec", "leafPath": "formats.GB-rpd.specification", "statement": "United Kingdom report specification: GOV.UK Report packaging data: create your reporting file, Table 1a (large producers) and Table 1b (small producers), with code tables 2 to 7", "value": "GOV.UK Report packaging data: create your reporting file, Table 1a (large producers) and Table 1b (small producers), with code tables 2 to 7", "unit": null, "pending": false, "source": { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/report-packaging-data-create-your-reporting-file", "quote": "Add a new row of data for each packaging activity and each type of packaging you need to report.", "quoteLang": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "label": null } } ], "sections": [ { "id": "answer", "heading": null, "kind": "answer", "markdown": "\n\nItaly and United Kingdom both run packaging EPR, but the rules differ. Both require producers to register. United Kingdom asks for its first annual report earlier, on April 1 against June 1 in Italy. Every figure below links to its primary source." }, { "id": "glance", "heading": "Italy and United Kingdom side by side", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## Italy and United Kingdom side by side\n\n2 of 9 rows have a verified figure on each side of Italy and United Kingdom; a cell reads “not yet published” when a side has none, and an exemption row reads “none recorded; see thresholds” when no exemption is on record.\n\n**Italy and United Kingdom: the measures both programmes publish**\n\n| Measure | Italy | United Kingdom | Stricter |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Registration duty | Required | Required | Same |\n| Producer organisation | producer compliance schemes | producer compliance schemes | Not comparable |\n| Lowest revenue exemption | none recorded; see thresholds | none recorded; see thresholds | Not comparable |\n| Lowest weight exemption | none recorded; see thresholds | none recorded; see thresholds | Not comparable |\n| First annual report date | June 1 | April 1 | United Kingdom |\n| Published penalties | 2 published | not yet published | Not comparable |\n| Report file | csv | csv | Not comparable |\n| Paper fee, cheapest matched rate | 65.00 EUR/tonne | 196 GBP/tonne | Not comparable |\n| Plastic fee, cheapest matched rate | not yet published | 423 GBP/tonne | Not comparable |\n\nBoth programmes require a producer to register, in Italy and in United Kingdom.\n\nThe earliest annual report date is June 1 in Italy and April 1 in United Kingdom, 61 days apart. United Kingdom leaves less time to prepare, so its data has to be ready first." }, { "id": "programme", "heading": "Who runs the programme in Italy and United Kingdom", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## Who runs the programme in Italy and United Kingdom\n\nWho collects and who the producer files with, in Italy and then United Kingdom.\n\n**Italy and United Kingdom: how each programme is set up**\n\n| Aspect | Italy | United Kingdom |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Regime | Legislative Decree 152/2006, Part IV Title II (packaging and packaging waste), CONAI consortium system | Extended producer responsibility (EPR) for packaging, under the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging and Packaging Waste) Regulations 2024 |\n| Regulator | Ministry of Environment and Energy Security (MASE); CONAI coordinates the consortium system | Four environmental regulators (Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales, SEPA, NIEA); PackUK is the scheme administrator that sets fees |\n| Producers obligated | Yes | Yes |\n| Registration | Required, CONAI membership (declaration and contribution to CONAI, then consortium of material) | Required, Report packaging data (RPD) service, run by Defra and the regulators |\n| Producer organisation | producer compliance schemes: CONAI, Comieco (paper), Corepla (plastic), Coreve (glass), Rilegno (wood), CiAl (aluminium), Ricrea (steel); membership optional | producer compliance schemes; membership optional |\n| Transfer of responsibility | Allowed | Not allowed |\n| Revenue counted as | not yet published | worldwide revenue, GBP, previous accounting year |\n| Who counts as the producer | primary: manufacturer or brand owner, importer, first distributor; secondary: manufacturer or brand owner, importer, first distributor; service: manufacturer or brand owner, importer, first distributor; shipping: online marketplace seller, manufacturer or brand owner; tertiary: manufacturer or brand owner, importer, first distributor | other: manufacturer, importer, online marketplace; primary: brand owner, packer and shipper, importer, online marketplace, seller; secondary: brand owner, packer and shipper, importer, online marketplace, seller; service: brand owner, packer and shipper, manufacturer, importer, seller; shipping: brand owner, packer and shipper, importer, online marketplace, seller; tertiary: brand owner, packer and shipper, importer, online marketplace, seller |\n\n> **Not yet published**: Not yet published for Italy: how revenue is counted. Reason: Whether any turnover basis applies to CONAI membership was not verifiable: conai.org returns HTTP 403 to automated retrieval, and Art. 224 sets the contribution by weight and material only.\n\nBoth programmes organise producer responsibility the same way: producer compliance schemes. The practical differences between Italy and United Kingdom therefore sit in thresholds, fees, dates and report formats rather than in whom a producer deals with." }, { "id": "scope", "heading": "What Italy and United Kingdom cover, side by side", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## What Italy and United Kingdom cover, side by side\n\nEach row below is one published feature of the two programmes; a cell reads “not yet published” when Italy or United Kingdom has no verified entry for it in the dataset.\n\n**Scope, producer duties, categories, labelling and targets, Italy and United Kingdom**\n\n| Aspect | Italy | United Kingdom |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Materials covered | paper and cardboard, plastic, glass, wood, steel, aluminium | aluminium, fibre based composite, glass, paper and card, plastic, steel, wood, other |\n| Product classes covered | primary, secondary and tertiary packaging placed on the Italian market, in proportion to quantity | primary packaging, secondary packaging, shipment packaging, tertiary packaging, reusable packaging |\n| Sales channels addressed | domestic producers and users, importers | retail, wholesale, online, online marketplace |\n| Producer duty: primary packaging | manufacturer_brand_owner; importer; first_distributor | brand_owner; packer_shipper; importer; marketplace; seller |\n| Producer duty: secondary packaging | manufacturer_brand_owner; importer; first_distributor | brand_owner; packer_shipper; importer; marketplace; seller |\n| Producer duty: tertiary packaging | manufacturer_brand_owner; importer; first_distributor | brand_owner; packer_shipper; importer; marketplace; seller |\n| Producer duty: shipping packaging | online_marketplace_seller; manufacturer_brand_owner | brand_owner; packer_shipper; importer; marketplace; seller |\n| Producer duty: service packaging | manufacturer_brand_owner; importer; first_distributor | brand_owner; packer_shipper; manufacturer; importer; seller |\n| Reporting categories | 6, material, with paper and plastic sub-bands | 8, material and packaging class |\n| Labelling | Required: UNI technical standards for labelling; MASE technical guidelines: All packaging must be labelled per UNI standards to aid collection, reuse and recycling and inform consumers on final destinations. | not yet published |\n| Published targets | recycling rate, all packaging waste 65% by 2025-12-31; recycling rate, all packaging waste 70% by 2030-12-31 | plastic_recycling_obligation 57 by 2026-12-31; plastic_recycling_obligation 59 by 2027-12-31; glass_recycling_obligation 76 by 2026-12-31; glass_recycling_obligation 78 by 2027-12-31; aluminium_recycling_obligation 62 by 2026-12-31; aluminium_recycling_obligation 63 by 2027-12-31; steel_recycling_obligation 81 by 2026-12-31; steel_recycling_obligation 82 by 2027-12-31; wood_recycling_obligation 46 by 2026-12-31; wood_recycling_obligation 47 by 2027-12-31; paper_board_fibre_composite_recycling_obligation 77 by 2026-12-31; paper_board_fibre_composite_recycling_obligation 79 by 2027-12-31 |\n| Excluded from scope | not yet published | charities supplying or importing packaging |\n| Producer duty: other packaging | not yet published | manufacturer; importer; marketplace |\n| Exemption 1 | not yet published | Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK, excluding subsidiaries that trade for profit. |" }, { "id": "thresholds", "heading": "Thresholds and exemptions in Italy and United Kingdom", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## Thresholds and exemptions in Italy and United Kingdom\n\nEvery verified threshold Italy and United Kingdom publish, as each states it.\n\n**Verified thresholds in Italy and United Kingdom**\n\n| Place | Measure | Amount | Effect | Basis as published |\n| --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- |\n| Italy | packaging weight | 10 tonnes per calendar year | reduced duty | packaging made available for the first time in the Member State |\n| United Kingdom | packaging tonnage | 25 tonnes | registration trigger | packaging supplied or imported in the UK in the previous calendar year |\n| United Kingdom | revenue | £1,000,000 | registration trigger | worldwide annual turnover |\n| United Kingdom | packaging tonnage | 50 tonnes | reduced duty | with turnover above 1 million and up to 2 million pounds, an obligated producer is small; above 50 tonnes with turnover over 2 million pounds is large |\n\n> **Not yet published**: Not yet published for Italy: the national-de-minimis threshold. Reason: conai.org returns HTTP 403 to automated retrieval, so CONAI's own thresholds and simplified procedures could not be read.\n\nUnited Kingdom exemption: Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK, excluding subsidiaries that trade for profit. It does not have to be applied for.\n\nRead the basis column first: the same amount can exempt a producer in one programme and only simplify its report in another." }, { "id": "rates", "heading": "Fees per kilogram for shared materials", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## Fees per kilogram for shared materials\n\nOne material class has a published rate on both sides; each row shows the cheapest rate that fits the class.\n\n**Cheapest published rate per kilogram by material class, Italy and United Kingdom**\n\n| Material class | Italy (EUR per kg) | United Kingdom (GBP per kg) | United Kingdom in EUR, approx. | Higher fee |\n| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |\n| paper and board | 65.00 EUR/tonne | 196 GBP/tonne | not yet published | Not comparable |\n\nScaling the cheapest published rate by weight shows what the gap between Italy and United Kingdom amounts to for a given tonnage of one material. The amounts are the rate times the weight, nothing added.\n\n**Fee at the cheapest published rate for 1 to 100,000 kilograms, Italy and United Kingdom**\n\n| Material class | Kilograms | Italy fee (EUR) | United Kingdom fee (GBP) | United Kingdom in EUR, approx. | United Kingdom minus Italy (EUR) |\n| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |\n| paper and board | 1 | €0.07 | £0.20 | not yet published | not yet published |\n| paper and board | 10 | €0.65 | £1.96 | not yet published | not yet published |\n| paper and board | 100 | €6.50 | £19.60 | not yet published | not yet published |\n| paper and board | 1,000 | €65.00 | £196.00 | not yet published | not yet published |\n| paper and board | 10,000 | €650.00 | £1,960.00 | not yet published | not yet published |\n| paper and board | 100,000 | €6,500.00 | £19,600.00 | not yet published | not yet published |\n\nThe two schedules are in different currencies (EUR and GBP) and the dataset holds no published exchange rate between them, so this page does not rank the fees. Compare them in your own currency before you decide.\n\nUnited Kingdom: the 2025-26 fee schedule of PackUK extended producer responsibility for packaging (base fees), effective June 27, 2025, is the source of the per-kilogram rates used on this page.\n\nItaly: the 2026 fee schedule of CONAI (Comieco and other consortia), effective July 1, 2025, is the source of the per-kilogram rates used on this page.\n\nItaly 2026: the category “Paper, monomaterial (band 1)” is published at 65.00 EUR/tonne.\n\nUnited Kingdom 2025-26: the category “Paper and card” is published at 196 GBP/tonne.\n\nReal packs usually land in a dearer category, so use the calculator for Italy and United Kingdom." }, { "id": "deadlines", "heading": "Deadlines in Italy and United Kingdom", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## Deadlines in Italy and United Kingdom\n\nEach verified date, with the period it covers when one is given.\n\n**Verified deadlines in Italy and United Kingdom**\n\n| Place | Kind | Date | Covers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Italy | report | June 1 | the previous calendar year |\n| Italy | other | August 12, 2026 | not yet published |\n| United Kingdom | report | October 1, 2026 | the first half of 2026 |\n| United Kingdom | report | April 1, 2027 | the second half of 2026 |\n| United Kingdom | report | April 1, 2027 | 2026-P0 |\n| United Kingdom | registration | October 1, 2026 | not yet published |\n| United Kingdom | registration | April 1, 2027 | not yet published |\n| United Kingdom | other | January 31, 2027 | calendar year 2026 |\n\n> **Not yet published**: Not yet published for Italy: the conai-periodic-declaration date. Reason: conai.org returns HTTP 403 to automated retrieval, so the declaration calendar could not be read.\n\nThe earliest annual report date is June 1 in Italy and April 1 in United Kingdom, 61 days apart. United Kingdom leaves less time to prepare, so its data has to be ready first." }, { "id": "penalties", "heading": "Penalties in Italy and United Kingdom", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## Penalties in Italy and United Kingdom\n\nWhat each side has published; a side without an amount says so.\n\nItaly penalty for producer that does not organise a system, join a consortium or adopt a return system: €15,500 to €46,500 per administrative fine.\n\nItaly penalty for placing packaging on the market without the Art. 219(5) labelling: €5,000 to €25,000 per administrative fine.\n\n> **Not yet published**: Not yet published for United Kingdom: penalty amounts. Reason: The penalty and civil sanction amounts are in the regulations and regulator enforcement policy, which were not read. Nothing is recorded rather than guessed." }, { "id": "formats", "heading": "Report formats in Italy and United Kingdom", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## Report formats in Italy and United Kingdom\n\nHow the report file for Italy compares with the one for United Kingdom.\n\n**Report file layouts for Italy and United Kingdom**\n\n| Aspect | Italy | United Kingdom |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Layout | Italy packaging declaration (working layout) Working layout, sources reviewed 2026-11-04 | UK EPR packaging data file (large and small producer) 2026 specification, GOV.UK page last updated 19 August 2026 |\n| Recipient | CONAI (Consorzio Nazionale Imballaggi) | The four UK environmental regulators through the Report packaging data (RPD) service |\n| How it is submitted | CONAI 'Dichiarazioni on line' service (dichiarazioni.conai.org). The customer signs in and submits. | Report packaging data service on GOV.UK. The customer, as an approved person, uploads the CSV. A compliance scheme can do this on the producer's behalf. |\n| File type | csv | csv |\n| Encoding | utf-8 | utf-8 |\n| Delimiter | , | , |\n| Decimal separator | . |\n| Columns | 4 | 15 |\n| Required columns | 4 of 4 | 6 of 15 |\n| Weight unit | kg | kg |\n| Period basis | calendar year | half year |\n\n> **Not yet published**: Italy: the programme’s own report specification is not yet published. Reason: The field list is published: CONAI forms 6.1 and 6.2 are filed online by the six reference materials (steel, aluminium, paper, wood, plastic, glass), with quantities in tonnes rounded to three decimals; filing is monthly, quarterly or annual depending on the annual contribution. Instica's file is its own working worksheet in kilograms by Instica category and does not yet reproduce that layout, so its figures are for the customer to enter in the recipient's form. The layout above is Instica’s working layout.\n\nUnited Kingdom report specification: GOV.UK Report packaging data: create your reporting file, Table 1a (large producers) and Table 1b (small producers), with code tables 2 to 7\n\nThe two layouts share a file type and a delimiter, but each programme names its own columns and categories, so one file cannot be sent to both programmes. Each report is built from the same underlying measurements and exported separately." }, { "id": "choose", "heading": "Which to plan for first, Italy or United Kingdom", "kind": "body", "markdown": "\n\n## Which to plan for first, Italy or United Kingdom\n\nPlan around the earlier report date first. United Kingdom asks for its first annual report on April 1, before Italy, so its data has to be ready first." }, { "id": "faq", "heading": "Questions about comparing these two programmes", "kind": "faq", "markdown": "\n\n## Questions about comparing these two programmes\n\n### Is Italy or United Kingdom stricter on packaging EPR?\n\nBoth require producers to register. United Kingdom asks for its first annual report earlier, on April 1 against June 1 in Italy.\n\n### Do I register in both Italy and United Kingdom?\n\nItaly requires producers to register. United Kingdom requires producers to register.\n\n### How do the fees per kilogram compare in Italy and United Kingdom?\n\nThe two schedules share material classes but the dataset holds no published exchange rate between EUR and GBP, so the fees are shown in each currency without a ranking.\n\n### Which deadline comes first, Italy or United Kingdom?\n\nThe earliest annual report date is June 1 in Italy and April 1 in United Kingdom, 61 days apart. United Kingdom leaves less time to prepare, so its data has to be ready first." }, { "id": "estimate", "heading": "How these figures are made", "kind": "boilerplate", "markdown": "\n\n## How these figures are made\n\n> **Estimate**: Instica measures, estimates and prepares. Every figure on this page is read from a sourced record or computed from one, and each carries its data quality. Converted amounts are approximate and name the exchange rate used. The customer signs and submits each report; Instica never stores regulator login details and never files on your behalf. This page is general information about published rules; confirm your own position with a qualified adviser." } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "I produttori e gli utilizzatori sono responsabili della corretta ed efficace gestione ambientale degli imballaggi e dei rifiuti di imballaggio", "quoteLang": "it" }, { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art224", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "partecipano in forma paritaria al Consorzio nazionale imballaggi, in seguito denominato CONAI", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "I produttori e gli utilizzatori sono responsabili della corretta ed efficace gestione ambientale degli imballaggi", "quoteLang": "it" }, { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "aderire ad uno dei consorzi di cui all'articolo 223;", "quoteLang": "it" }, { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art223", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "costituiscono un Consorzio per ciascun materiale di imballaggio", "quoteLang": "it" }, { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "makes available for the first time on the territory of another Member State, directly to end users", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "a quantity of packaging, including packaging of packaged products, of less than 10 tonnes during one calendar year", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "of Annex IX to the competent authority responsible for the register, by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "It shall apply from 12 August 2026.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art261", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "sono puniti con la sanzione amministrativa pecuniaria da quindicimilacinquecento euro a quarantaseimilacinquecento euro", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art261", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": null, "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art221", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "in proporzione alla quantità di imballaggi immessi sul mercato nazionale", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.comieco.org/comieco/contributo-ambientale-conai/conai-da-luglio-2025-variano-i-contributi-ambientali-per-gli-imballaggi-in-legno-plastica-e-vetro-e-per-i-compositi-a-base-carta/", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "i consorzi Rilegno , Corepla e Coreve hanno aggiornato le stime", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2006-04-03;152~art219", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Tutti gli imballaggi devono essere opportunamente etichettati secondo le modalità stabilite dalle norme tecniche UNI applicabili", "quoteLang": "it" }, { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "by 31 December 2030, a minimum of 70 % by weight of all packaging waste generated", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-comply-with-packaging-recycling-obligations-as-a-large-producer", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "quote": "go to schedule 5 of the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging and Packaging Waste) Regulations 2024 (as amended)", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/epr-for-packaging-what-you-must-do-as-a-small-producer", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Each of the 4 nations of the United Kingdom has its own regulator. You’ll be reporting to and monitored by the regulator for your nation.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "you supplied or imported more than 25 tonnes of packaging in the UK in the previous year", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/epr-for-packaging-what-you-must-do-as-a-small-producer", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "quote": "the fee is: £1,303 if you register directly with your environmental regulator £696 if you register through a compliance scheme", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/epr-for-packaging-what-you-must-do-as-a-small-producer", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Compliance schemes are third parties that help organisations meet the EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-comply-with-packaging-recycling-obligations-as-a-large-producer", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "quote": "A compliance scheme cannot pay your waste disposal fees for you.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "you must get your annual turnover from the last accounts that were available before 7 April 2026.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/1332/part/2/chapter/1", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-04", "status": "verified", "quote": "a brand owner; (ii) a packer/filler; (iii) an importer or first UK owner; (iv) a distributor; (v) an online marketplace operator;", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "your annual turnover worldwide was £1 million or more", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/epr-for-packaging-what-you-must-do-as-a-small-producer", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "annual turnover of more than £1 million and supplies more than 25 tonnes and no more than 50 tonnes of packaging", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Charities that supply or import filled or unfilled packaging in the UK are exempt from EPR for packaging requirements.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "quote": "1 January to 30 June 2026 1 October 2026", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "1 July to 31 December 2026 1 April 2027", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "quote": "1 January to 31 December 2026 1 April 2027", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "you must register for EPR for packaging each year, and pay the applicable fees by 1 October.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/packaging-data-check-reporting-periods-and-submission-deadlines", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "you must register for EPR for packaging each year, and pay a registration fee by 1 April.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-comply-with-packaging-recycling-obligations-as-a-large-producer", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "quote": "you must meet your recycling obligations, including submitting your certificate or statement of compliance, by 31 January 2027", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/report-packaging-data-create-your-reporting-file", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Report the weight of the individual materials used in the packaging you have supplied. You must report each material type separately.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-comply-with-packaging-recycling-obligations-as-a-large-producer", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-11-03", "status": "verified", "quote": "Packaging recycling targets 2025 to 2027", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.comieco.org/comieco/contributo-ambientale-conai/conai-da-luglio-2025-variano-i-contributi-ambientali-per-gli-imballaggi-in-legno-plastica-e-vetro-e-per-i-compositi-a-base-carta/", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Tutte le variazioni decorreranno dal 1° luglio 2025 , con un secondo aumento previsto per il contributo ambientale vetro", "quoteLang": "it" }, { "url": "https://www.comieco.org/comieco/contributo-ambientale-conai/conai-da-luglio-2025-variano-i-contributi-ambientali-per-gli-imballaggi-in-legno-plastica-e-vetro-e-per-i-compositi-a-base-carta/", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Fascia 1 - Monomateriale Base 65,00 65,00", "quoteLang": "it" }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-2025-base-fees/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-2025-base-fees", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "This document provides base fees for year 1 (2025 to 2026) of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for packaging scheme.", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-2025-base-fees/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-2025-base-fees", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Paper and card 196", "quoteLang": null }, { "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/report-packaging-data-create-your-reporting-file", "label": null, "retrievedAt": "2026-09-29", "status": "verified", "quote": "Add a new row of data for each packaging activity and each type of packaging you need to report.", "quoteLang": null } ], "breadcrumbs": [ { "name": "Packaging EPR", "url": "https://instica.com/epr" }, { "name": "Compare EPR between states: Compare packaging EPR between jurisdictions", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare" }, { "name": "Italy vs United Kingdom EPR: Rules Compared", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk" } ], "related": [ { "heading": "Part of", "links": [ { "anchor": "Italy EPR exempt", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/italy" } ] }, { "heading": "Explore packaging EPR", "links": [ { "anchor": "Europe extended producer responsibility packaging", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/europe" } ] }, { "heading": "More for this jurisdiction", "links": [ { "anchor": "United Kingdom EPR", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/uk" } ] }, { "heading": "Related pages", "links": [ { "anchor": "Italy vs Washington EPR: Rules Compared", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-washington" }, { "anchor": "Manitoba vs Québec EPR: Rules Compared", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/manitoba-vs-quebec" }, { "anchor": "Manitoba vs Yukon EPR: Rules Compared", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/manitoba-vs-yukon" }, { "anchor": "Minnesota vs Ontario EPR: Rules Compared", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/minnesota-vs-ontario" }, { "anchor": "Minnesota vs Saskatchewan EPR: Rules Compared", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/minnesota-vs-saskatchewan" }, { "anchor": "Minnesota vs Spain EPR: Rules Compared", "url": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/minnesota-vs-spain" } ] } ], "alternates": [ { "hreflang": "en-US", "href": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk" }, { "hreflang": "x-default", "href": "https://instica.com/epr/compare/italy-vs-uk" } ] }