# Household packaging definition: how EPR rules use the term Last verified: November 4, 2026 · https://instica.com/epr/glossary/household-packaging household packaging means: Packaging that ends up with households rather than businesses. In Belgium, a company that puts household packaging on the market has to report on it to the government. The Instica dataset lists household packaging in 4 jurisdictions, including Belgium, Austria, France. ## What does household packaging mean? This is the definition Instica uses for household packaging in its EPR dataset. The wording below is checked against the source named beside it. household packaging: Packaging that ends up with households rather than businesses. In Belgium, a company that puts household packaging on the market has to report on it to the government. (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). > Does your company put household packaging on the market? Then you have an obligation to report on this packaging to the government. > > Source: fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/become-a-fost-plus-member), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Language: en ## What is household packaging called in other languages? Packaging producers search for household packaging in their own language and under the name their national scheme uses. The dataset records 4 local terms, each with the home analogy a reader of that language already knows. **household packaging in other languages** | Language | Local term | Also called | Closest home analogy | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | English | household packaging | | | | German | Haushaltsverpackungen | | | | French | emballages ménagers | | | | Spanish | envases domésticos | | | - **German — Local definition**: In Österreich Verpackungen, die typischerweise in privaten Haushalten anfallen; das Gesetz teilt sie in Sammel- und Tarifkategorien ein. - **French — Local definition**: En France, les emballages des produits destinés aux ménages; Citeo publie le guide du tarif des emballages ménagers mis en marché en 2026. - **Spanish — Local definition**: En España, los envases de productos de consumo doméstico; Ecoembes publica sus precios para ellos por separado de los envases comerciales. ## Where does household packaging apply? household packaging appears in the rules of 4 jurisdictions in the dataset. The table gives the duty and the regulator for each; the sections after it list every sourced rule. **Jurisdictions where household packaging applies** | Jurisdiction | Producer duty | Regulator | Verified | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Belgium](https://instica.com/epr/belgium) | Yes | Interregional Packaging Commission (IVC-CIE, now EPRiBEL) | verified Sep 29, 2026 | | [Austria](https://instica.com/epr/austria) | Yes | Not yet published | verified Nov 4, 2026 | | [France](https://instica.com/epr/france) | Yes | Not yet published | verified Nov 4, 2026 | | [Spain](https://instica.com/epr/spain) | Yes | Ministry for the Ecological Transition (MITECO), Directorate-General for Environmental Quality and Assessment | verified Sep 29, 2026 | ## Belgium: the rules behind the term 5 sourced rules for Belgium. Each statement names its source and the date Instica retrieved it, and a rule without a primary source shows as not yet published. In Belgium, packaging producer duties rest on Belgian interregional Cooperation Agreement on packaging waste, in force in its current version since 5 March 2020; enforced by the Interregional Packaging Commission (IRPC/IVC-CIE) (Source: valipac.academy, retrieved September 29, 2026). The regulator named for Belgium is Interregional Packaging Commission (IVC-CIE, now EPRiBEL) (Source: valipac.academy, retrieved September 29, 2026). Producers that place packaging on the market in Belgium carry a producer responsibility duty (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). Belgium organises producer duties through more than one producer responsibility organisation: Fost Plus (household), Valipac (industrial) (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). Producers must register in Belgium; the registry is EPRiBEL producer register (formerly IVC-CIE); Fost Plus registers members collectively (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). > The new version of the Cooperation Agreement has been in force since 5 March 2020. > > Source: valipac.academy (https://valipac.academy/en/modules/gaining-a-better-understanding-of-the-legislation/belgian-legislative-framework/), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Language: en ## Austria: the rules behind the term 5 sourced rules for Austria. Each statement names its source and the date Instica retrieved it, and a rule without a primary source shows as not yet published. Austria organises producer duties through more than one producer responsibility organisation: Altstoff Recycling Austria AG (ARA) (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). In Austria, a reporting deadline falls within three months after each calendar year (by 31 March), covering preceding calendar year (Source: ogd.ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved November 4, 2026). Austria lists 1 penalty rule, the first for Non-participation in a system contrary to AWG 13g(2) to (4) (administrative offence) of €450 to €8,400 per offence (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). Austria sets 2 recycling targets, the first on share of household packaging mass to be collected separately, per system total at paper 80%, glass 80%, ferrous 65%, aluminium 65%, plastics 80%, beverage cartons 80% from 2025 (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). In Austria, revenue tests use none (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). > Bevollmächtigte ist eine natürliche oder juristische Person mit Sitz im Inland. > > Source: ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Language: de Paraphrase: **Paraphrase: **An authorised representative is a natural or legal person established in Austria. ## France: the rules behind the term 5 sourced rules for France. Each statement names its source and the date Instica retrieved it, and a rule without a primary source shows as not yet published. Producers that place packaging on the market in France carry a producer responsibility duty (Source: citeo.com, retrieved September 29, 2026). In France, a deadline of another kind falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). In France, a registration deadline falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). In France, a reporting deadline falls 1 June each year, for the preceding full calendar year (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). France lists 2 penalty rules, the first for Producer not meeting its extended producer responsibility obligations of up to €7,500 per unit or tonne of product placed on the market (Source: ecologie.gouv.fr, retrieved November 4, 2026). > A company which puts packaging and/or graphic papers on the market > > Source: citeo.com (https://www.citeo.com/en/citeo-rates-for-household-packaging-and-paper/), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Language: en ## Spain: the rules behind the term 5 sourced rules for Spain. Each statement names its source and the date Instica retrieved it, and a rule without a primary source shows as not yet published. In Spain, a packaging weight threshold applies: 15 tonnes per year (packaging placed on the market); it reduces the duty (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). In Spain, a reporting deadline falls every June 1, covering previous full calendar year (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). In Spain, a deadline of another kind falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). In Spain, a reporting deadline falls every March 31, covering previous calendar year (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). Spain lists 3 penalty rules, the first for very serious infringement of €100,001 to €3,500,000 per infringement (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). > menos de 15 toneladas de envases al año > > Source: boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Language: es Paraphrase: **Paraphrase: **less than 15 tonnes of packaging per year ## Which terms are related to household packaging? 3 related terms help explain household packaging. Each links to its own entry. - [service packaging](https://instica.com/epr/glossary/service-packaging) - Consumer Sales Unit - system participation ## Which Instica pages use household packaging? These 4 jurisdiction pages put household packaging into practice, with thresholds, deadlines and fees for each. - [Belgium EPR rules](https://instica.com/epr/belgium) - [Austria EPR rules](https://instica.com/epr/austria) - [France EPR rules](https://instica.com/epr/france) - [Spain EPR rules](https://instica.com/epr/spain) - [Check whether you owe](https://instica.com/epr/do-i-owe) ## More questions ### What does household packaging mean? household packaging means: Packaging that ends up with households rather than businesses. In Belgium, a company that puts household packaging on the market has to report on it to the government. It applies in Belgium, Austria, France and more. ## How to read these figures > **Estimate**: Instica measures, estimates and prepares. These pages describe published rules and rates with their sources and retrieval dates, and an estimate is never a filing. You review, sign and submit your own reports. Read the methodology page for how figures are sourced and checked, and confirm any value with the regulator or your producer responsibility organisation before you rely on it. ## Facts on this page Each fact is a self-contained sentence with its source. Link to a fact with its anchor. - household packaging: Packaging that ends up with households rather than businesses. In Belgium, a company that puts household packaging on the market has to report on it to the government. (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#glossary-household-packaging-definition](#glossary-household-packaging-definition) Value: Packaging that ends up with households rather than businesses. In Belgium, a company that puts household packaging on the market has to report on it to the government. · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/become-a-fost-plus-member · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Does your company put household packaging on the market? Then you have an obligation to report on this packaging to the government. (en) - In Belgium, packaging producer duties rest on Belgian interregional Cooperation Agreement on packaging waste, in force in its current version since 5 March 2020; enforced by the Interregional Packaging Commission (IRPC/IVC-CIE) (Source: valipac.academy, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-regime](#be-regime) Value: Belgian interregional Cooperation Agreement on packaging waste, in force in its current version since 5 March 2020; enforced by the Interregional Packaging Commission (IRPC/IVC-CIE) · Source: https://valipac.academy/en/modules/gaining-a-better-understanding-of-the-legislation/belgian-legislative-framework/ · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: The new version of the Cooperation Agreement has been in force since 5 March 2020. (en) - The regulator named for Belgium is Interregional Packaging Commission (IVC-CIE, now EPRiBEL) (Source: valipac.academy, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-regulator](#be-regulator) Value: Interregional Packaging Commission (IVC-CIE, now EPRiBEL) · Source: https://valipac.academy/en/modules/gaining-a-better-understanding-of-the-legislation/belgian-legislative-framework/ · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: The Interregional Packaging Commission is responsible for the enforcement of the Cooperation Agreement. (en) - Producers that place packaging on the market in Belgium carry a producer responsibility duty (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-obligated](#be-obligated) Value: yes · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/become-a-fost-plus-member · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Does your company put household packaging on the market? Then you have an obligation to report on this packaging to the government. (en) - Belgium organises producer duties through more than one producer responsibility organisation: Fost Plus (household), Valipac (industrial) (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-organisation](#be-organisation) Value: several competing organisations · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/blog/ppwr-insights-8-mandatory-registration-in-producer-register-fost-plus-handles-it-for-you · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: This representative must (1) be established in Belgium and (2) be registered with EPRiBEL. (en) - Producers must register in Belgium; the registry is EPRiBEL producer register (formerly IVC-CIE); Fost Plus registers members collectively (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-registration](#be-registration) Value: yes · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/blog/ppwr-insights-8-mandatory-registration-in-producer-register-fost-plus-handles-it-for-you · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Companies that are not members of Fost Plus or another recognised EPR organisation can register directly through EPRiBEL (en) - In Belgium, a tonnage threshold applies: 300 tonne single-use packaging per year (put on the market; 100 tonnes for companies packaging in Belgium); it triggers registration (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-thresholds-prevention-plan-300t](#be-thresholds-prevention-plan-300t) Value: 300 · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/become-a-fost-plus-member · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: companies that put at least 300 tonnes of single-use packaging on the market annually (en) - Belgium recognises this exemption: Reusable packaging carries no contribution; only the information obligation applies It applies without a separate application (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-exemptions-reusable-packaging](#be-exemptions-reusable-packaging) Value: reusable-packaging · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: You do not pay any contribution for reusable packaging in your declaration. (en) - In Belgium, a reporting deadline falls 28 February for packaging put on the market the previous year, covering previous calendar year (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-deadlines-annual-declaration](#be-deadlines-annual-declaration) Value: 28 February for packaging put on the market the previous year · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: The deadline for the annual declaration is always 28 February for the packaging that you put on the market the previous year. (en) - In Belgium, a deadline of another kind falls on September 15, 2026 (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-deadlines-declaration-amend-2025](#be-deadlines-declaration-amend-2025) Value: September 15, 2026 · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Exceptionally, you can still amend your 2025 declaration until 15 September this year. (en) - In Belgium, a deadline of another kind falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-deadlines-ppwr-application](#be-deadlines-ppwr-application) Value: August 12, 2026 · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: It shall apply from 12 August 2026. (en) - In Belgium, a registration deadline falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-deadlines-ppwr-authorised-representative](#be-deadlines-ppwr-authorised-representative) Value: August 12, 2026 · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: shall appoint, by written mandate, an authorised representative for the extended producer responsibility in each Member State where (en) - In Belgium, a reporting deadline falls 1 June each year, for the preceding full calendar year (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-deadlines-ppwr-annex-ix-annual](#be-deadlines-ppwr-annex-ix-annual) Value: 1 June each year, for the preceding full calendar year · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year (en) - Belgium lists 1 penalty rule, the first for late annual declaration (Fost Plus contract) of 1% of the previous declaration contribution per month of delay (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-penalties](#be-penalties) Value: 1 · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: you risk a fine amounting to 1% of the contribution from your previous declaration per month of delay (en) - Belgium sets 1 recycling target, the first on household plastic recycling at 70% by 2030 (65% in 2023) (Source: valipac.academy, retrieved November 3, 2026). [#be-targets](#be-targets) Value: 1 · Source: https://valipac.academy/en/modules/gaining-a-better-understanding-of-the-legislation/belgian-legislative-framework/ · Retrieved: November 3, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: For household plastic packaging, the rates must be 65% in 2023 and 70% in 2030. (en) - In Belgium, revenue tests use none (Source: fostplus.be, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#be-revenue-scope](#be-revenue-scope) Value: none · Source: https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Depending on the declaration system that you choose, the rates are applied per kg or per unit. (en) - In Austria, packaging producer duties rest on Austrian packaging EPR: AWG 2002 (Abfallwirtschaftsgesetz 2002) and Verpackungsverordnung 2014 (VVO 2014) (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-regime](#at-regime) Value: Austrian packaging EPR: AWG 2002 (Abfallwirtschaftsgesetz 2002) and Verpackungsverordnung 2014 (VVO 2014) · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: haben für ab dem 1. Jänner 2023 in Österreich in Verkehr gesetzte Verpackungen einen Bevollmächtigten (de) - Producers that place packaging on the market in Austria carry a producer responsibility duty (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-obligated](#at-obligated) Value: yes · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20002086 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Versandhändler, die keinen Sitz und keine Niederlassung im örtlichen Geltungsbereich dieses Bundesgesetzes haben (de) - Austria organises producer duties through more than one producer responsibility organisation: Altstoff Recycling Austria AG (ARA) (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-organisation](#at-organisation) Value: several competing organisations · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Bevollmächtigte ist eine natürliche oder juristische Person mit Sitz im Inland. (de) - Producers must register in Austria; the registry is Register nach § 22 AWG 2002 (Bevollmächtigter entry) and contract with an approved collection and recycling system (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-registration](#at-registration) Value: yes · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Registrierung als Bevollmächtigter im Register gemäß § 22 Abs. 1 AWG 2002 unter Angabe (de) - In Austria, a packaging weight threshold applies: 1,500 kg per calendar year (household packaging put on the market); it sets a flat-fee band (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-thresholds-flat-solution-1500kg-household](#at-thresholds-flat-solution-1500kg-household) Value: 1,500 · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: nicht mehr als 1500 kg Haushaltsverpackungen in Verkehr setzen, können pauschale Lösungen angeboten werden (de) - In Austria, a packaging weight threshold applies: 1,500 kg per calendar year (commercial packaging put on the market); it sets a flat-fee band (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-thresholds-flat-solution-1500kg-commercial](#at-thresholds-flat-solution-1500kg-commercial) Value: 1,500 · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: nicht mehr als 1500 kg gewerbliche Verpackungen in Verkehr setzen, können pauschale Lösungen angeboten werden (de) - Austria recognises this exemption: Participation duty lapses where an upstream distributor already participates in a system It applies without a separate application (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-exemptions-upstream-participation](#at-exemptions-upstream-participation) Value: upstream-participation · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20002086 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Versandhändler (de) - In Austria, a registration deadline falls within two months of first putting household packaging on the market (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-deadlines-system-contract-2-months](#at-deadlines-system-contract-2-months) Value: within two months of first putting household packaging on the market · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: binnen zwei Monaten (de) - In Austria, a reporting deadline falls 15 March following each calendar year, covering preceding calendar year (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-deadlines-annual-15-march](#at-deadlines-annual-15-march) Value: 15 March following each calendar year · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: spätestens bis zum 15. März des darauffolgenden Jahres (de) - In Austria, a registration deadline falls on January 1, 2023 (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-deadlines-ar-appointment-2023](#at-deadlines-ar-appointment-2023) Value: January 1, 2023 · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: haben für ab dem 1. Jänner 2023 in Österreich in Verkehr gesetzte Verpackungen einen Bevollmächtigten für ausländische Versandhändler zu bestellen (de) - In Austria, a deadline of another kind falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-deadlines-ppwr-application](#at-deadlines-ppwr-application) Value: August 12, 2026 · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: It shall apply from 12 August 2026. (en) - In Austria, a reporting deadline falls 1 June each year, for the preceding full calendar year (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-deadlines-ppwr-annex-ix-annual](#at-deadlines-ppwr-annex-ix-annual) Value: 1 June each year, for the preceding full calendar year · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year (en) - In Austria, a reporting deadline falls within three months after each calendar year (by 31 March), covering preceding calendar year (Source: ogd.ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved November 4, 2026). [#at-deadlines-self-importer-annual-report](#at-deadlines-self-importer-annual-report) Value: within three months after each calendar year (by 31 March) · Source: https://ogd.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Bundesnormen/NOR40240496/NOR40240496.html · Retrieved: November 4, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: spätestens drei Monate nach Ablauf jedes Kalenderjahres für das vorangegangene Kalenderjahr elektronisch im Wege des Registers zu übermitteln (de) - Austria lists 1 penalty rule, the first for Non-participation in a system contrary to AWG 13g(2) to (4) (administrative offence) of €450 to €8,400 per offence (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-penalties](#at-penalties) Value: 1 · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20002086 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Geldstrafe von 450 € bis 8 400 € (en) - Austria sets 2 recycling targets, the first on share of household packaging mass to be collected separately, per system total at paper 80%, glass 80%, ferrous 65%, aluminium 65%, plastics 80%, beverage cartons 80% from 2025 (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-targets](#at-targets) Value: 2 · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Eisenmetalle 50% 60% 65% 75% Aluminium 65% 75% Kunststoffe 60% 75% 80% 85% (en) - In Austria, revenue tests use none (Source: ris.bka.gv.at, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#at-revenue-scope](#at-revenue-scope) Value: none · Source: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: nicht mehr als 1500 kg Haushaltsverpackungen (en) - The legal basis is not yet published. Reason recorded: Statutory basis (Code de l environnement) not read. [#fr-regime](#fr-regime) Value: not yet published · Source: https://www.citeo.com/en/citeo-rates-for-household-packaging-and-paper/ · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: not yet published Verbatim quote: A company which puts packaging and/or graphic papers on the market (en) - Producers that place packaging on the market in France carry a producer responsibility duty (Source: citeo.com, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#fr-obligated](#fr-obligated) Value: yes · Source: https://www.citeo.com/en/citeo-rates-for-household-packaging-and-paper/ · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: A company which puts packaging and/or graphic papers on the market (en) - The organisation model is not yet published. Reason recorded: Organisation landscape not read from the primary decree. [#fr-organisation](#fr-organisation) Value: not yet published · Source: https://www.citeo.com/en/citeo-rates-for-household-packaging-and-paper/ · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: not yet published Verbatim quote: A company which is already a Citeo client (en) - The registration rule is not yet published. Reason recorded: Not read from a primary source in this pass. [#fr-registration](#fr-registration) Value: not yet published · Source: https://www.citeo.com/en/citeo-rates-for-household-packaging-and-paper/ · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: not yet published Verbatim quote: For household packaging, the amount of your contribution depends on the number of packaged products (known as CSUs: Consumer Sales Units) (en) - This exemption is not yet published. Reason recorded: Not read from a primary source in this pass. [#fr-exemptions-exemptions-not-itemised](#fr-exemptions-exemptions-not-itemised) Value: not yet published · Source: https://www.citeo.com/en/citeo-rates-for-household-packaging-and-paper/ · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: not yet published Verbatim quote: For household packaging, the amount of your contribution depends on the number of packaged products (known as CSUs: Consumer Sales Units) (en) - In France, a deadline of another kind falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#fr-deadlines-ppwr-application](#fr-deadlines-ppwr-application) Value: August 12, 2026 · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: It shall apply from 12 August 2026. (en) - In France, a registration deadline falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#fr-deadlines-ppwr-authorised-representative](#fr-deadlines-ppwr-authorised-representative) Value: August 12, 2026 · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: shall appoint, by written mandate, an authorised representative for the extended producer responsibility in each Member State where (en) - In France, a reporting deadline falls 1 June each year, for the preceding full calendar year (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#fr-deadlines-ppwr-annex-ix-annual](#fr-deadlines-ppwr-annex-ix-annual) Value: 1 June each year, for the preceding full calendar year · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year (en) - France lists 2 penalty rules, the first for Producer not meeting its extended producer responsibility obligations of up to €7,500 per unit or tonne of product placed on the market (Source: ecologie.gouv.fr, retrieved November 4, 2026). [#fr-penalties](#fr-penalties) Value: 2 · Source: https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/politiques-publiques/cadre-general-filieres-responsabilite-elargie-producteurs · Retrieved: November 4, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: une amende qui peut atteindre jusqu'à 7 500 € par unité ou tonne de produit mis sur le marché (fr) - France sets 10 recycling targets, the first on household packaging recycling, steel at 80% by 2025 (84% in 2029) (Source: filieres-rep.ademe.fr, retrieved November 4, 2026). [#fr-targets](#fr-targets) Value: 10 · Source: https://filieres-rep.ademe.fr/filieres-REP/filiere-EMPAP · Retrieved: November 4, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Objectifs de recyclage Matériaux 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Acier 78 % 80 % 81 % 82 % 83 % 84 % (fr) - The revenue basis is not yet published. Reason recorded: Not read. [#fr-revenue-scope](#fr-revenue-scope) Value: not yet published · Source: https://www.citeo.com/en/citeo-rates-for-household-packaging-and-paper/ · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: not yet published Verbatim quote: per year in France (en) - In Spain, packaging producer duties rest on Royal Decree 1055/2022 on packaging and packaging waste, under Law 7/2022 on waste and contaminated soils (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-regime](#es-regime) Value: Royal Decree 1055/2022 on packaging and packaging waste, under Law 7/2022 on waste and contaminated soils · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: se crea la sección de envases en el Registro de Productores de Productos (es) - The regulator named for Spain is Ministry for the Ecological Transition (MITECO), Directorate-General for Environmental Quality and Assessment (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-regulator](#es-regulator) Value: Ministry for the Ecological Transition (MITECO), Directorate-General for Environmental Quality and Assessment · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: a través de la Dirección General de Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental (en) - Producers that place packaging on the market in Spain carry a producer responsibility duty (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-obligated](#es-obligated) Value: yes · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: se obliga a todos los envasadores a inscribirse y a remitir anualmente información (es) - Spain organises producer duties through more than one producer responsibility organisation: Ecoembes, Ecovidrio (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-organisation](#es-organisation) Value: several competing organisations · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: deberán designar a una persona física o jurídica en territorio español como representante autorizado (es) - Producers must register in Spain; the registry is Packaging section of the Register of Product Producers (Registro de Productores de Productos) (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-registration](#es-registration) Value: yes · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: se inscribirán en la sección de envases del Registro de Productores de Productos (es) - In Spain, a packaging weight threshold applies: 10 tonnes per calendar year (packaging made available for the first time in the Member State); it reduces the duty (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-thresholds-ppwr-10t-simplified-reporting](#es-thresholds-ppwr-10t-simplified-reporting) Value: 10 · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: a quantity of packaging, including packaging of packaged products, of less than 10 tonnes during one calendar year (en) - In Spain, a packaging weight threshold applies: 15 tonnes per year (packaging placed on the market); it reduces the duty (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-thresholds-reduced-reporting-under-15t](#es-thresholds-reduced-reporting-under-15t) Value: 15 · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: menos de 15 toneladas de envases al año (es) - This exemption is not yet published. Reason recorded: Exact wording of the Art. 15(1) second paragraph was not re-checked verbatim against the BOE text. [#es-exemptions-single-registration-service-packaging](#es-exemptions-single-registration-service-packaging) Value: not yet published · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: not yet published Verbatim quote: No published text found at this source. (en) - In Spain, a reporting deadline falls every June 1, covering previous full calendar year (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-deadlines-ppwr-annual-report-1-june](#es-deadlines-ppwr-annual-report-1-june) Value: not yet published · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: of Annex IX to the competent authority responsible for the register, by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year. (en) - In Spain, a deadline of another kind falls on August 12, 2026 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-deadlines-ppwr-application-date](#es-deadlines-ppwr-application-date) Value: August 12, 2026 · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: It shall apply from 12 August 2026. (en) - In Spain, a reporting deadline falls every March 31, covering previous calendar year (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-deadlines-es-annual-information](#es-deadlines-es-annual-information) Value: not yet published · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: antes del 31 de marzo del año siguiente (es) - Spain lists 3 penalty rules, the first for very serious infringement of €100,001 to €3,500,000 per infringement (Source: boe.es, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-penalties](#es-penalties) Value: 3 · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-5809 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: Multa desde 100.001 euros hasta 3.500.000 euros (en) - Spain sets 2 recycling targets, the first on recycling rate, all packaging waste at 65% by December 31, 2025 (Source: eur-lex.europa.eu, retrieved September 29, 2026). [#es-targets](#es-targets) Value: 2 · Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: verified Verbatim quote: by 31 December 2030, a minimum of 70 % by weight of all packaging waste generated (en) - The revenue basis is not yet published. Reason recorded: Spanish law sets obligations by packaging weight and units, not by turnover; no revenue basis was found in the retrieved text. [#es-revenue-scope](#es-revenue-scope) Value: not yet published · Source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690 · Retrieved: September 29, 2026 · Status: not yet published Verbatim quote: No published text found at this source. (en) ## Related pages ### Explore packaging EPR - [EPR Europe](https://instica.com/epr/europe) ### More for this jurisdiction - [Belgium EPR](https://instica.com/epr/belgium) - [Austria EPR](https://instica.com/epr/austria) - [France extended producer responsibility](https://instica.com/epr/france) - [Spain EPR](https://instica.com/epr/spain) ### Related pages - [Importer packaging EPR](https://instica.com/epr/glossary/importer) - [What is large producer](https://instica.com/epr/glossary/large-producer) - [Online marketplace definition](https://instica.com/epr/glossary/online-marketplace) - [Plastic Packaging Tax definition](https://instica.com/epr/glossary/plastic-packaging-tax) - [What is PPWR EPR](https://instica.com/epr/glossary/ppwr) - [EPR producer responsibility](https://instica.com/epr/glossary/producer) ## Sources 1. eur-lex.europa.eu (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > a quantity of packaging, including packaging of packaged products, of less than 10 tonnes during one calendar year (en) 2. eur-lex.europa.eu (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > It shall apply from 12 August 2026. (en) 3. filieres-rep.ademe.fr (https://filieres-rep.ademe.fr/filieres-REP/filiere-EMPAP), Retrieved: November 4, 2026, Status: verified > Objectifs de recyclage Matériaux 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Acier 78 % 80 % 81 % 82 % 83 % 84 % (fr) 4. ogd.ris.bka.gv.at (https://ogd.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Bundesnormen/NOR40240496/NOR40240496.html), Retrieved: November 4, 2026, Status: verified > spätestens drei Monate nach Ablauf jedes Kalenderjahres für das vorangegangene Kalenderjahr elektronisch im Wege des Registers zu übermitteln (de) 5. valipac.academy (https://valipac.academy/en/modules/gaining-a-better-understanding-of-the-legislation/belgian-legislative-framework/), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > The new version of the Cooperation Agreement has been in force since 5 March 2020. (en) 6. boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > se crea la sección de envases en el Registro de Productores de Productos (es) 7. boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-5809), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Multa desde 100.001 euros hasta 3.500.000 euros (en) 8. citeo.com (https://www.citeo.com/en/citeo-rates-for-household-packaging-and-paper/), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: not yet published > A company which puts packaging and/or graphic papers on the market (en) 9. ecologie.gouv.fr (https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/politiques-publiques/cadre-general-filieres-responsabilite-elargie-producteurs), Retrieved: November 4, 2026, Status: verified > une amende qui peut atteindre jusqu'à 7 500 € par unité ou tonne de produit mis sur le marché (fr) 10. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/blog/ppwr-insights-8-mandatory-registration-in-producer-register-fost-plus-handles-it-for-you), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > This representative must (1) be established in Belgium and (2) be registered with EPRiBEL. (en) 11. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/become-a-fost-plus-member), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Does your company put household packaging on the market? Then you have an obligation to report on this packaging to the government. (en) 12. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > You do not pay any contribution for reusable packaging in your declaration. (en) 13. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20002086), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Versandhändler, die keinen Sitz und keine Niederlassung im örtlichen Geltungsbereich dieses Bundesgesetzes haben (de) 14. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > haben für ab dem 1. Jänner 2023 in Österreich in Verkehr gesetzte Verpackungen einen Bevollmächtigten (de) 15. valipac.academy (https://valipac.academy/en/modules/gaining-a-better-understanding-of-the-legislation/belgian-legislative-framework/), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > The Interregional Packaging Commission is responsible for the enforcement of the Cooperation Agreement. (en) 16. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/blog/ppwr-insights-8-mandatory-registration-in-producer-register-fost-plus-handles-it-for-you), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Companies that are not members of Fost Plus or another recognised EPR organisation can register directly through EPRiBEL (en) 17. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/become-a-fost-plus-member), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > companies that put at least 300 tonnes of single-use packaging on the market annually (en) 18. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > The deadline for the annual declaration is always 28 February for the packaging that you put on the market the previous year. (en) 19. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Exceptionally, you can still amend your 2025 declaration until 15 September this year. (en) 20. eur-lex.europa.eu (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > shall appoint, by written mandate, an authorised representative for the extended producer responsibility in each Member State where (en) 21. eur-lex.europa.eu (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year (en) 22. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > you risk a fine amounting to 1% of the contribution from your previous declaration per month of delay (en) 23. valipac.academy (https://valipac.academy/en/modules/gaining-a-better-understanding-of-the-legislation/belgian-legislative-framework/), Retrieved: November 3, 2026, Status: verified > For household plastic packaging, the rates must be 65% in 2023 and 70% in 2030. (en) 24. fostplus.be (https://www.fostplus.be/en/members/declaration), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Depending on the declaration system that you choose, the rates are applied per kg or per unit. (en) 25. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Bevollmächtigte ist eine natürliche oder juristische Person mit Sitz im Inland. (de) 26. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Registrierung als Bevollmächtigter im Register gemäß § 22 Abs. 1 AWG 2002 unter Angabe (de) 27. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > nicht mehr als 1500 kg Haushaltsverpackungen in Verkehr setzen, können pauschale Lösungen angeboten werden (de) 28. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > nicht mehr als 1500 kg gewerbliche Verpackungen in Verkehr setzen, können pauschale Lösungen angeboten werden (de) 29. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20002086), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Versandhändler (de) 30. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > binnen zwei Monaten (de) 31. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > spätestens bis zum 15. März des darauffolgenden Jahres (de) 32. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > haben für ab dem 1. Jänner 2023 in Österreich in Verkehr gesetzte Verpackungen einen Bevollmächtigten für ausländische Versandhändler zu bestellen (de) 33. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20002086), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Geldstrafe von 450 € bis 8 400 € (en) 34. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > Eisenmetalle 50% 60% 65% 75% Aluminium 65% 75% Kunststoffe 60% 75% 80% 85% (en) 35. ris.bka.gv.at (https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008902), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > nicht mehr als 1500 kg Haushaltsverpackungen (en) 36. boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > a través de la Dirección General de Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental (en) 37. boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > se obliga a todos los envasadores a inscribirse y a remitir anualmente información (es) 38. boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > deberán designar a una persona física o jurídica en territorio español como representante autorizado (es) 39. boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > se inscribirán en la sección de envases del Registro de Productores de Productos (es) 40. boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > menos de 15 toneladas de envases al año (es) 41. eur-lex.europa.eu (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > of Annex IX to the competent authority responsible for the register, by 1 June for each full preceding calendar year. (en) 42. eur-lex.europa.eu (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > It shall apply from 12 August 2026. (en) 43. boe.es (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-22690), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > antes del 31 de marzo del año siguiente (es) 44. eur-lex.europa.eu (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj), Retrieved: September 29, 2026, Status: verified > by 31 December 2030, a minimum of 70 % by weight of all packaging waste generated (en) ## Cite this page Instica, “Household packaging definition: how EPR rules use the term”, https://instica.com/epr/glossary/household-packaging, last verified 2026-11-04, dataset v1-281284b7e7c1, CC-BY-4.0. - Canonical URL: https://instica.com/epr/glossary/household-packaging - Last verified: November 4, 2026 - Last changed: November 4, 2026 - Dataset version: v1-281284b7e7c1 - Licence: Reuse is allowed under CC-BY-4.0 with credit to Instica and a link to this page. - Machine-readable versions: https://instica.com/epr/glossary/household-packaging.md · https://instica.com/epr/glossary/household-packaging.json